GPSR

General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR): What EU Businesses Need to Know

Regulation (EU) 2023/988 has applied since 13 December 2024. It sets out what manufacturers, importers, distributors, and online marketplaces must do to keep consumer products compliant.

By the NormScout Compliance Team · Updated July 2026 · 8 min read

Reviewed against the official EUR-Lex texts.

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The General Product Safety Regulation (EU) 2023/988 replaced the old General Product Safety Directive and has applied since 13 December 2024. It is directly binding across the EU and applies to most consumer products placed or made available on the market, including products sold online.

Key date: GPSR has applied since 13 December 2024. If you sell consumer products in the EU — including through online marketplaces — you must comply now.

For manufacturers, importers, distributors, and online marketplaces, GPSR turns product safety into an ongoing operational obligation. Companies now need stronger traceability, clearer incident response, and better documentation to prove that products are safe before and after they reach the market.

Who GPSR Applies To

GPSR applies to most consumer products placed on the EU market, with specific exclusions such as food, medicinal products, and other categories already covered by sector-specific EU legislation with equivalent safety objectives. It also covers distance sales, which makes online product pages and marketplace listings part of the compliance picture.

The regulation creates obligations across the supply chain:

  • Manufacturers must place only safe products on the market and keep supporting technical documentation.
  • Importers must verify compliance before placing products on the EU market.
  • Distributors must act with due care before making products available.
  • Authorised representatives may act on behalf of non-EU manufacturers where appointed.
  • Online marketplaces must cooperate on unsafe products and support removal or blocking measures.

Key Manufacturer Obligations

General safety. Only safe products may be placed on the market. Safety is assessed by looking at the product's characteristics, presentation, instructions for use, labelling, and foreseeable misuse.

Risk assessment and technical documentation. Manufacturers must carry out a product safety risk assessment and maintain technical documentation that shows how safety has been addressed. That documentation must be available to market surveillance authorities on request.

Traceability. Products must be identifiable through a type, batch, serial number, or another element that enables traceability. In practice, this helps businesses locate affected units quickly if a defect or safety issue appears.

Accident reporting and recalls. When a product causes an accident, manufacturers must notify the relevant authority without undue delay through the Safety Business Gateway. If a product recall is needed, businesses must use the harmonised recall framework and the Commission's recall notice template.

What Changed from GPSD

TopicGPSDGPSR
Legal formDirectiveRegulation directly applicable in all EU Member States
Online salesLess explicitExplicit obligations for distance sales and marketplaces
TraceabilityMore limitedStronger product identification and supply-chain traceability
RecallsNational variationHarmonised recall approach and notice template
Rapid alertsRAPEXSafety Gate

Why GPSR Matters

GPSR closes the gap between product design, marketplace listing, and post-market surveillance. Safety is no longer just a file in quality assurance; it is a live compliance obligation that must be maintained as products, suppliers, and sales channels change.

For businesses selling across the EU, the practical risk is not only unsafe products but also weak documentation, slow incident response, and inconsistent traceability across product lines. That is exactly where many compliance processes break down.

GPSR Compliance Checklist

  • Map all consumer products against GPSR scope and sector-specific exemptions.
  • Update product risk assessments and technical documentation.
  • Confirm the EU-based economic operator for each product line.
  • Review product, packaging, and listing traceability data.
  • Set up an internal incident reporting and recall process.
  • Check online marketplace listings for required safety information.

How NormScout Helps

NormScout helps teams identify which EU product norms and directives apply to a specific product category, then organize those obligations into a structured compliance workflow. Under GPSR, that matters because compliance depends on the product, the risk profile, the sales channel, and any overlapping sector legislation.

With NormScout, compliance and product teams can track applicable standards, maintain a clearer view of documentation gaps, and keep product-level obligations current as regulations or supply chains change. That makes it easier to prepare for market surveillance, incident reporting, and recalls without relying on scattered manual checks.

For companies selling consumer products into the EU, NormScout turns GPSR compliance from a reactive legal task into an ongoing operational system. Start a free assessment to see which obligations apply to your product.

Frequently asked questions

Who must comply with the GPSR?

The General Product Safety Regulation (EU) 2023/988 applies across the supply chain for most consumer products sold in the EU: manufacturers, importers, distributors, authorised representatives, and online marketplaces. Food, medicinal products and other goods covered by equivalent sector-specific legislation are excluded.

What changed when the GPSR replaced the GPSD on 13 December 2024?

The GPSR is a directly applicable regulation rather than a directive, so the same rules apply in every Member State. It adds explicit obligations for online sales and marketplaces, stronger product traceability, a harmonised recall framework with a standard recall notice, and the EU Safety Gate rapid-alert system.

What are online marketplaces' obligations under the GPSR?

Online marketplaces must register with the Safety Gate portal, designate a single point of contact, ensure listings display the required safety information, and act on notices about dangerous products by removing or blocking listings and cooperating with market-surveillance authorities.

What are the penalties for GPSR non-compliance?

Penalties are set by each Member State but must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. In practice non-compliant or unsafe products can be withdrawn or recalled, blocked from marketplaces, and result in national fines, alongside reputational and liability exposure.

Sources & references

  1. Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety Regulation (full text, EUR-Lex)
  2. European Commission, General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR)
  3. European Commission, Safety Gate: EU rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products
  4. European Parliament, Modernised EU product safety rules to apply from 13 December 2024

This guide draws on the official regulation texts and European Commission guidance linked above. It is general information, not legal advice.